Optimizing Energy Output and Layout Costs for Large Wind Farms using 
Particle Swarm Optimization

Kalyan Veeramachaneni, Markus Wagner, Una-May O'Reilly and Frank Neumann

The design of a wind farm involves several complex optimization problems. 
We consider the multi-objective optimization problem of maximizing the 
energy output under the consideration of wake effects and minimizing the 
cost of the turbines and land area used for the wind farm. We present an 
efficient particle swarm optimization algorithm that computes a set of 
trade-off solutions for the given task. Our algorithm can be easily 
integrated into the layout process for developing wind farms and gives 
designers new insights into the trade-off between energy output and land 
area.